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  <div class="section" id="python-language-services">
<span id="language"></span><h1>31. Python Language Services<a class="headerlink" href="#python-language-services" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1>
<p>Python provides a number of modules to assist in working with the Python
language.  These modules support tokenizing, parsing, syntax analysis, bytecode
disassembly, and various other facilities.</p>
<p>These modules include:</p>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html">31.1. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">parser</span></tt> &#8212; Access Python parse trees</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#creating-st-objects">31.1.1. Creating ST Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#converting-st-objects">31.1.2. Converting ST Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#queries-on-st-objects">31.1.3. Queries on ST Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="parser.html#exceptions-and-error-handling">31.1.4. Exceptions and Error Handling</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html#abstract-grammar">31.2.2. Abstract Grammar</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="ast.html#ast-helpers">31.2.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ast</span></tt> Helpers</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html">31.3. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">symtable</span></tt> &#8212; Access to the compiler&#8217;s symbol tables</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html#generating-symbol-tables">31.3.1. Generating Symbol Tables</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="symtable.html#examining-symbol-tables">31.3.2. Examining Symbol Tables</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="symbol.html">31.4. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">symbol</span></tt> &#8212; Constants used with Python parse trees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="token.html">31.5. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">token</span></tt> &#8212; Constants used with Python parse trees</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="keyword.html">31.6. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">keyword</span></tt> &#8212; Testing for Python keywords</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tokenize.html">31.7. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tokenize</span></tt> &#8212; Tokenizer for Python source</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="tabnanny.html">31.8. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">tabnanny</span></tt> &#8212; Detection of ambiguous indentation</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html">31.9. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pyclbr</span></tt> &#8212; Python class browser support</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html#class-objects">31.9.1. Class Objects</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="pyclbr.html#function-objects">31.9.2. Function Objects</a></li>
</ul>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="py_compile.html">31.10. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">py_compile</span></tt> &#8212; Compile Python source files</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html">31.11. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">compileall</span></tt> &#8212; Byte-compile Python libraries</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html#command-line-use">31.11.1. Command-line use</a></li>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="compileall.html#public-functions">31.11.2. Public functions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html">31.12. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">dis</span></tt> &#8212; Disassembler for Python bytecode</a><ul>
<li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="dis.html#python-bytecode-instructions">31.12.1. Python Bytecode Instructions</a></li>
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<li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="pickletools.html">31.13. <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">pickletools</span></tt> &#8212; Tools for pickle developers</a></li>
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